Hub-and-spoke free trade areas: theory and evidence from Israel

نویسندگان

  • George Deltas
  • Klaus Desmet
  • Carlos
  • Giovanni Facchini
چکیده

We study how the sequential formation of free trade areas affects trade flows between member countries. In a three-country, three-good model of comparative advantage if two countries have an FTA, and both sign a similar agreement with the third, trade between the two decreases. However, if only one of them signs an additional FTA, a huband-spoke pattern arises, and trade between the initial members increases. Israel’s experience lends strong support to our model: trade between Israel and the EU, subject to an FTA since 1975, increased by an additional 29% after the introduction of the US-Israel FTA in 1985. JEL classification: F11, F13 Zones de libre échange en forme de réseau en étoile : théorie et résultats pour Israel. On étudie comment la formation séquentielle de zones de libre échange affecte les flux commerciaux entre les pays membres. Dans un modèle d’avantage comparatif avec trois pays et trois biens, si deux pays ont un accord de libre échange et qu’ils signent tous deux un accord similaire avec un tiers pays, le commerce entre les deux pays originaux décroı̂t. Cependant, si seulement un des deux pays originaux signe un accord avec le troisième, un réseau en étoile émerge, et le commerce entre les deux payx d’origine s’accroı̂t. L’expérience d’Israel donne un fort support au modèle : le commerce entre Israel et l’Union Européenne (sujet à un accord de libre échange depuis 1975) s’est accru de 29% après l’introduction de l’accord de libre échange entre Israel et les États-Unis en 1985. We thank Elena Mattevi for sharing her data, and Henrik Horn, Marcelo Olarreaga, Emanuel Ornelas, and Cecilia Testa for very helpful comments. Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science (ECO2008-01300), the Excellence Program of the Bank of Spain, and the European Commission (EFIGE grant 225551 and HPRN-CT-2002-00236) is gratefully acknowledged. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Canadian Journal of Economics / Revue canadienne d’Economique, Vol. 45, No. 3 August / août 2012. Printed in Canada / Imprimé au Canada 0008-4085 / 12 / 942–977 / C © Canadian Economics Association Hub-and-spoke free trade areas 943 The agreements with the European Union [and] the United States . . . places Israel in the unique position of being a Free Trade Area partner with the world’s main economic regions. Thus, Israel is able to bridge countries that do not have mutual agreements . . . Baker Tilly Oren Horowitz & Co., Doing Business in Israel, 1995

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تاریخ انتشار 2012